1976 China, Tangshan

At 3:42 am on July 28, 1976 a magnitude of 7.8 earthquake hit the city of Tangshan in northeastern China. The earth Quake had killed over 240,000 people. Because of the amount of deaths, this was the deadliest earth quake of the twentieth century. Before the earthquake ended up occurring, nature had given signs of warning. We know this because it is a general rule when earthquakes will hit soon and because of the literal way that the animals are reacting. For example there were 1000 some odd chickens in Baiguantuan refused to eat and had run around excitedly chirping, mice and weasels were looking for places to hide. Not only did animals five a sign but nature gave signs. The night preceding the earthquake, July 27-28, many people reported seeing strange lights and noises, there were fireballs everywhere, and workers at an air port reported the noises were louder than that of an air plane. The amazing thing about the earthquake is that it wasn't long. It was only about 14-16 seconds. but caused massive amounts of damage. when it struck over a million people lay sleeping, unaware of the disaster, that was to rip them up. most people were doing the usual and hiding under tables and looking for shelters to hide in. Most people were sleeping and did not have time. when the quake was over most buildings were destroyed including hospitals. After the quake 242,419 people were deas and 164,581 people injured.

1970s New York

The article presents the 1970s in New York City to be a time of sexual rebellion, self expression, and freedom. It's presented by opening up the article telling a story of a photography set filled with nudity but claiming that it was OK because it's the disco era- a time of leather, boas, and suits. Claiming from this was born a social revolution where the social and sexual selves we being completely modified. Then Russell Smith blames Ronald Reagan for the death of that social revolution due to his implementation of family values.

When comparing modern day to the 70s it makes us seem very conservative because of the fact that smoking is no longer allowed in bars, and then Smith mocks the fact that girls-gone-wild is seen as a criminal act now. He argues that sex today is in turn commercialized. Further contrasting the 70s with the 80s Smith sees that the 80s are viewed as far more sarcastic and angry then the 70s.

link: http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/ovic/NewsDetailsPage/NewsDetailsWindow?displayGroupName=News&prodId=OVIC&action=e&windowstate=normal&catId=&documentId=GALE%7CA133490588&mode=view&

Smith, Russell. "General Logon Page." Gale Error Page. 23 June 2005. Web. 07 Nov. 2010. .

In 1975 The Rocky Horror Picture Show was released. It did not gain instant fame and it acutely failed in first few years of its release.  It gained its recognition when older teen fans in New York City began to ask for it to have a repeat showing at midnight. This is when the film really took off. The Rocky Horror Picture show was so odd that people began to interact with the movie. At the time, people did not interact with movies they would just go to the movies watch it and leave. The RHPS gave people a chances to yell at the screen and say weird things. As the movie grew people began to dress up like the characters and role play as the movie was going on. What really made the movie different is it took parts from the popular gleam rock of the time. In the gleam rock, rock stars would dress very flamboyantly with tight leather ,sparkly costumes and make up to give them a very loud and a none social norm look.This helped the RHPS open peoples eyes and giving them a culture shock to the sexual exploration and human sexuality. This was a giant step for those how had been previously kept in the closet about these feelings or thoughts. The movie was the first outlet where people with different sexuality ideas could truly feel ok with there opinions. This movie had an impact on the people watching it not just  in a literal sense but also a sociological effect on society.

Fads and Fashion of the 1970's

During the 1970's era many new trends and fads were born, many of which people are happy they never caught on in the later generations. From toys, games and activities, to fashion, the 70's brought it all. Fashion-wise, hippies were the most influential on the generation. Men sported long hair and leisure suits, while bell-bottom pants, hip-huggers, clothing patches, clogs and platform shoes, and gypsy dresses were all a part of casual attire. The hippie trend was essentially colorful, baggy clothing, that disregarded every social norm to create a separate culture.

As for the games and activities, pet rocks, sea monkeys, lava lamps, mood rings, and the Rubik's cube were all fads that began. The Rubik's cube was one of the classic 70's inventions. A person had to make all sides of the cube the same color by twisting the blocks in different directions. It was such a simple concept, yet very few people were actually capable of solving the puzzle. Mathematicians finally understood that there were actually mathematical combinations called algorithms which solved the puzzle. Through a set combinations of moves, the puzzle could be easily solved. The Rubik's cube became such a classic puzzle that even today it is still considered part of our culture. New variations and twists of the puzzle are still being made today.

http://kclibrary.lonestar.edu/decade70.html

Michael Craig-Martin: Artist of the 1970's

Michael Craig-Martin (http://www.michaelcraigmartin.co.uk/): If you click on his website you can look at his work from decade to decade and you can see that he's heavily influence by Duchamp's (artist who took the urinal and called it 'the fountain') style-he even uses it in a piece called "Common History" of his 90's works.

In the 60's Craig-Martin's work was mostly photography and conceptual pieces with boxes, etc.. Then in the 70's he began to do installation pieces where he would hang jars of paint, use mirrors, and glasses of water. Things became just straight forward and clear cut at that time for him. Then in the 80's he progressed to mixed medias of household objects with neon colors in them. So what can this say about the time periods that he worked in, other than that the 80's are associated with neons and so was his work? Maybe in the 60's it was all about being straight forward and presenting something that one could make sense of. Potentially in the 70's he wanted to make people view the ordinary as a form of art. He possibly was trying to inspire hope by taking something average and demonstrating how it could be so easily made intriguing. And then in the 80's he could have been trying to draw attention to simplicity by juxtaposing his metal objects with bold neon stripes.

Citation:

MICHAEL CRAIG-MARTIN. Web. 31 Oct. 2010. .

Link for the post below:

http://www.americanhitnetwork.com/ahn/decade-overview.cfm/decade/1970

Social and Musical Change in the 70s

Citation:

Mid-decade, By. "1970's Decade Overview." American Hit Network. Web. 05 Oct. 2010. .

Nixon's resignation should have been a time of victory for the counterculture but the lack of political vision that followed led to a realization that the hippie look could no longer be a form of protest. As people were driven to think of their own interests, a generation of self-centeredness was born.

Pop music was redefined in the 70s to be an overall lighthearted experience as a form of escape. By the end of the 70s, punk music began to invade the scene as a form of rebellion to the laziness of society. Later it was filtered into mainstream, never having gained as much of a hold as disco had.

Nan Goldin

Nan Goldin was a photographer in NYC in the early '70s through today. In the early 1970s Goldin started a documentary with the objective to depict the people, whom she admired. These people included drug addicts, sex dependent. Later Goldin brought her pictures from this scene together in her book "The Other Side". She is most famous for her slide show, The balled of Sexual Dependency". This is a very sexual oriented show with music and voice overs. This was very important to America's youth because she was fresh out of college and in the late '70s it was art from the youth for the youth. She showed this idea of a "beat" generation such as Dylan and others did in their time. She was new age and inspirational to up and coming artists.

http://www.art-directory.info/photography/nan-goldin-1953/index.shtml

Apollo 13

This was supposed to be the 3rd mission to the moon. The three aster nuts lifted off from Kennedy Space Station in a Saturn V on April 11 1970 from pad 39 A. During second stage boost the center engine of the S-II stage cut off 132 seconds early, causing the remaining four engines to burn 34 seconds longer than normal. When they got into Orbit there appeared to be a a ruptured air tank. When The Accident Review came out the board had concluded that wires which had been damaged during pre-flight testing in oxygen tank no. 2 shorted and the teflon insulation caught fire. The fire spread within the tank, raising the pressure until oxygen tank no. 2 exploded, damaging oxygen tank no. 1 and the interior of the service module and blowing off the bay no. 4 cover.
The crew Eventually got very lucky and ended up. They eventually had to transfer into the lunar module and left the command part. They shut off all electronics except communications so they could contact earth. Then they finally planned to power the ALSEP apparatus on the lunar surface and containing 3.9 kg of plutonium, fell into the Pacific Ocean northeast of New Zealand.

http://www.apolloexplorer.co.uk/apollo13.htm

Anti-Science Movement

Summary:

As technology began to grow, become more readily available, and more mainstream in the 70's, a movement began to fight back. Back by writers, a few main points to the argument were that people would be forced into jobs that wouldn't be gratifying, the technologically elite would be given too much power, and that superficiality and a loss of connection to the natural world would ensue.

In the 60's and the 70's nihilism became a popular idea. It was the idea that anything would be better than the existing system and that we would be better off to demolish the system and start over. This idea caused fear to some because they thought that it made too much room for technology to move in and take over.

Citation:

"The Anti-Science Movement of the 1970's." University of Wisconsin - Green Bay. 11 Mar. 2002. Web. 27 Sept. 2010.

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Youth International Party

The Youth International Party was created in 1968. It was founded by young americans with the "New Nation" concept which looked for alternative, counterculture institutions, including food co-ops, underground newspapers, and free clinics. These young americans were often called "yippies". The Youth International Party created a political party called "Pegasus the immortal" it was created to make fun of the social status quo. It was created to mock the political systems authority. "Pie throwing as a political act was invented by Yippies. The first political pieing was carried out by Tom Forcade, when he pied a member of the President's Commission on Obscenity and Pornography in 1970".This was a way of speaking out against the political views of the politician. The yippies are also responsible for the largest mass arrests in American history. In early May 1971, the yippies tried to shut down the U.S. government by occupying intersections and bridges in Washington, D.C. The Youth International Party were responsible for many protest in the 1970s these protest were often large because they always had the backing of the young americans and their free thinking ways .

"Youth International Party : Who, What, Where, When." Serving History :. Web. 27 Sept. 2010. <http://www.servinghistory.com/topics/Youth_International_Party>.

"Yippie : The Yippie Movement." 1000s of Museums Online : MuseumStuff.com. Web. 26 Sept. 2010. <http://www.museumstuff.com/learn/topics/yippie::sub::The_Yippie_Movement>.

Star Wars

the year was 1977. On May 25th the release of Star Wars Episode IV, A New Hope was huge. Every kid in America got hooked on this new epic of a soon to be series. Written and directed by George Lucas this movie changed American movies forever. The movie had an $11 million people and has earned half a billion over the years. They used a star studded cast that won them a total of seven Academy Awards. Any kid who saw this during the 1970s was influenced and blown away.

Floppy Disk

The first floppy disks were invented by Dr. Nakamats back in 1960 with them being 8 inches across, The floppy disk was the real first form of storage for computers. However, the disk wasent used until the 1971, the disk was improved by IBM but the creator behind it was Alan Shugart. Over the years its size was reduced by more than half with the 8" version being replaced by the 5.25" and the 3.5" surpassing that. From the mid 1970s to the late 1990s the format remained popular until the introduction of flash and optical storage devices such as CD-Rs and USB sticks.


http://ezinearticles.com/?A-Quick-History-Of-The-Floppy-Disk&id=528312

http://www.designboom.com/history/floppydisk.html

Bad times

"The Kent StateMassacre which occurred on May 4, 1970 fed the nations doubt in authority figures .Members of the Ohio National Guard fired into a crowd of Kent State University demonstrators, killing four and wounding nine. I can still here the echos of Crosby ,Stills, and Nash's song about this massacre titled "Ohio". " Soldiers are gunning us down , what if you new her and found her dead on the ground how could you run when you know?" This event shook up the nation, perhaps one of the first acts of lethal violence on a college campus. It caused a nationwide student strike that forced hundreds of college and universities to close."
The students were protesting the Vietnam war that was going on. This was a common thing for young americans to do in the 1970s. It started as a peaces full protest two days earlier but soon grew out of hand. This was a very import incident that happen in 1970 because the Vietnam war that we were fighting in the time was a very unpopular war that people felt we did not belong in. The fact that young students that who were voicing their opinions were killed over this was what made people outraged.It gave them another reason to hate the war and be upset with the military. This showed that there would be warfare waged against any person or country opposed to the policies of those in power in America.This was a bad message sent out to the young americans.
Noon, By. Welcome to Kent State University Departmental Site. Web. 18 Sept. 2010. <http://dept.kent.edu/sociology/lewis/lewihen.htm>.
"1970s and the Cultural Influences in America - by Rebecca Klemmensen - Helium."Helium - Where Knowledge Rules. Web. 18 Sept. 2010. <http://www.helium.com/items/843707-1970s-and-the-cultural-influences-in-america>.

1970's energy crisis

Towards the beginning of the 1970's the U.S. had major concerns regarding the environmental welfare of the country. The term "environmentalism" came into use due to the "hippy" movement and protests of the late 1960's. Amongst the many concerns of the nation was over consumption of oil, as U.S. production had been decreasing. In just 3 years (1970-1973) U.S. foreign oil imports had raised from 22% to 36% and due to the Watergate Scandal, the Nixon Administration lacked the strength to enforce consumption policies. However, in 1973, due to religious and political conflicts, the mideast placed an oil embargo on the U.S. With oil production on the decline and oil consumption rapidly rising, the nation fell into a state of panic. Oil prices went through the roof, lines were forming outside of gas stations and people were blaming the Arabs and the government for the crisis. The crisis had many effects on the nation including: the creation of the Federal Energy Office and the Federal Energy Administration. Some effects have even lasted all the way into the present, including: our use of energy efficient cars, energy and "being green" awareness and a high percentage of foreign imports. Although the embargo only lasted 6 months, and it wasn't incredibly devastating, it completely changed the American view on energy and over consumption. The flawed policies of the government, as well as the over consumption of oil sent the country into the oil crisis, and although it was not seriously devastating, the effects have lasted into the present day.

http://cr.middlebury.edu/es/altenergylife/70's.htm

Marshal University Plane Crash

On November 14, 1970 a chartered plane carrying 75 players, coaches, and prominent residents of Huntington, WV and Marshall University crashed just short of the runway after returning from the days game against ECU. There were no survivors.

The plane was returning from Greenville North Carolina where marshal played east Carolina after being defeated by Marshall. The time of the crash took place around 7:45 pm, the weather was poor and the rain was light. According to a federal aviation agency at the time said it was one of the worst plane crashes involving an athletic team in history.

This was a huge shift in sports and a big upset for the school of Marshall

1970's Politics

Link:

http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/richardnixon/

Citation:

"Richard M. Nixon." The White House. Web. 12 Sept. 2010. .

Durring one of the most controversial times in American History, President Richard Nixon governed the United states of America. From 1969-1974 he was in office and became the only President in history to resign. During his time in office he set out to tackle the Vietnam War, further desegregation, and to reconstruct foreign policies. Nixon succeeded in pulling many soldiers out of Vietnam while devising bomb droppings to dismantle the intelligence behind the war. In 1973 the Military Service Draft ended due to a report that was issued claiming there was enough military strength, after which pay increased for members of the military as an incentive to join.

The end of Nixon reigning as president came due to the Watergate scandal. Secret activities were conducted by five men who were a part of the Nixon Administration which led to a break in at the Watergate Hotel in Washington, D.C. in attempt to get information about the Democratic party. Eventually recorded conversations that Nixon had in the White House were released and the public became aware of his attempt to coverup the scandal. Due to this and impending impeachment, Nixon resigned in August of 1974.

Nixon described his resignation to the United States as the beginning of, "that process of healing which is so desperately needed in America." However his resignation and the events that took place during his term obviously caused some negative change in America as well; for instance a lack of faith in the government leading to rebellion from authority and all the while the struggle for civil rights was still taking place.

Lottery draft

This is a picture of Alex Pirnie drawing the first lottery draft date in 1969.

This is such an important event for young americans because this new method of drafting will effect everyone ages 18-26. instead of the old methods of drafting, take the oldest, this gives everyone in the year of 1970 a fair chance of being drafted. This method is set up with 365 balls with a different date on it. the man picks the date and everybody with that birthday is drafted. there will be a ball pulled once a year up until 1976. The draft was for the Vietnam war, which was very controversial with Americans.

http://www.sss.gov/lotter1.htm

Polictical issues in the 1970s

In the 1970s woman were pushing more and more for equal rights. Woman's rights actives pushed for Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution. In 1972 the amendment was pass stating that"Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex." This was important because it gave young american teenage woman the ability to grow up with the mentality that they could become what ever they would like to be. This also gave young woman who were looking fo jobs a chance to get good jobs and not be discriminated against.  Also 1973 the Supreme Court in Roe v. Wade it gave women the right to abortion during the early months of pregnancy. This was very big to young american woman because now of they became pregnant they would be able to do something about it so that their life is not dramatically changed by the birth of a baby.

"United States History - The Women's Movement." Country Studies. Web. 11 Sept. 2010. <http://countrystudies.us/united-states/history-131.htm>

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